The Rules of Karate
Assalamualaikum and Hi there,
In this blog, we will explain you guys about the
important rules that should be obey by players or contestants in Karate games
and competition. There is three kind of karate style which is Kumite, Kata and
Kihon. We will share the rules in Kumite and Kata style.
Before that, let us tell about the differences
among three types of Karate. First, Kihon is about to the basics that master teach
the students to get their foot in the door for almost all Japanese martial
arts. It is the fundamental techniques that they must practice and perfect to
move up the ladder of training, into higher, more advanced levels. Secondly,
Kata is a set of movements executed to exemplify one’s understanding to the
techniques. Usually performed as a solo, students performing kata have to
practice these pre-arranged kihon techniques with fluidity and precision.
Master in Karate will teach them in stages, guide them from the basics to more
advanced, difficult levels overtime. Yet, even as one progresses to a higher
stage, they still repeat previously learned kata to illustrate a more effective
way to execute. Finally, Kumite is refers to student has a proficient
understanding and experience in kihon and kata, they can move onto kumite. Or
they can move onto the sparring element of Karate.
KUMITE
Ø The competition area
must be flat and devoid of hazard and
should be on a matted square, of a WKF approved type, with sides of eight
metres (measured from the outside) with an additional one metre on all sides as
a safety area. There will be a clear safety area of two metres on each side.
Ø
The organisation
The Kumite competition may be further
divided into the team match and the individual match. The individual match may
be further divided into age and weight divisions. Male teams comprise seven
members with five competing in a round. Female teams comprise four members with
three competing in a round.
Ø The duration
The duration in Kumite rule is define as
three minutes for Senior Male and Senior Female is about two minutes (both
teams and individuals). Therefore, under 21 years is 3 minutes for the Male
category and 2 minutes for the Female category. Indeed for Cadet and Junior is about
two minutes.
Ø
Scoring
In order to score, a technique must be
applied to a scoring area. The scores are as follows IPPON (three point),
WAZA-ARI (two point) and YUKO (one point). IPPON is awarded for Jodan kicks and
any scoring technique delivered on a thrown or fallen opponent. Jodan
being defined as the face, head and
neck. Any scoring technique which is delivered on an opponent who has been
thrown, has fallen of their own accord, or is otherwise off their feet. WAZA-ARI
is awarded for Chudan kicks which being defined as the abdomen, chest, back and
side. Lastly, YUKO is awarded for Chudan or Jodan Tsuki and Jodan or Chudan
Uchi. It means any punch (Tsuki) delivered to any of the seven scoring areas
and any strike (Uchi) delivered to any of the seven scoring areas. The
technique must be appropriately controlled with regard to the area being
attacked and must satisfy all six scoring criteria which is good form, sporting
attitude, vigorous application, awareness (ZANSHIN), good timing and correct
distance. Attacks are limited to the following areas which are head, face,
neck, abdomen, chest, back, side.
Ø The prohibit behaviour among players
There are two categories of prohibited
behaviour among players which is Category 1 and Category 2. The prohibited
behaviour in category 1 is about techniques which make excessive contact,
having regard to the scoring area attacked, and techniques which make contact
with the throat. Secondly about attacks to the arms or legs, groin, joints, or
instep. Thirdly is about attacks to the face with open hand techniques. Lastly
is about dangerous or forbidden throwing techniques. In category 2 this prohibited
behaviour will explain in feigning, or exaggerating injury. Secondly, exit from
the competition area (JOGAI) not caused by the opponent. Thirdly, is about self-endangerment
by indulging in behaviour, which exposes the contestant to injury by the opponent,
or failing to take adequate measures for self-protection, (MUBOBI). Fourthly is
avoiding combat as a means of preventing the opponent having the opportunity to
score. Fifthly, about passivity – not attempting to engage in combat. (Cannot
be given after less than the last 10 seconds of the match.). Next in clinching,
wrestling, pushing, or standing chest to chest without attempting a a scoring
technique or takedown. Then, grabbing the opponent with both hands for any
other reasons than executing a take down upon catching the opponents kicking
leg. Again in grabbing the opponents arm or karate with one hand without
immediately attempting a scoring technique or takedown. After that, the techniques,
which by their nature, cannot be controlled for the safety of the opponent and
dangerous and uncontrolled attacks. Furthermore, in emulate attacks with the
head, knees, or elbows. Last but not least, talking to, or goading the
opponent, failing to obey the orders of the Referee, discourteous behaviour
towards the Refereeing officials, or other breaches of etiquette.
Ø Warning and penalties
There is also warnings and penalties in
Karate such as CHUKOKU, KEIKOKU, HANSOKU-CHUI, HANSOKU, SHIKKAKU. CHUKOKU is
imposed for the first instance of a minor infraction for the applicable
category. KEIKOKU is imposed for the second instance of a minor infraction for
that category, or for infractions not sufficiently serious to merit
HANSOKU-CHUI. HANSOKU-CHUI is a warning of disqualification usually imposed for
infractions for which a KEIKOKU has previously been given in that bout although
it may be imposed directly for serious infringements, which do not merit
HANSOKU. HANSOKU is the penalty of disqualification following a very serious
infraction or when a HANSOKU CHUI has already been given. In team matches the
fouled competitor’s score will be set at eight points and the offender’s score
will be zeroed. SHIKKAKU is a disqualification from the actual tournament,
competition, or match In order to define the limit of SHIKKAKU, the Referee
Commission, must be consulted. SHIKKAKU may be invoked when a contestant fails
to obey the orders of the Referee, acts maliciously, or commits an act which
harms the prestige and honour of Karate-do, or when other actions are
considered to violate the rules and spirit of the tournament. In team matches
the fouled competitor’s score will be set at eight points and the offender’s
score will be zeroed.
KATA
Ø The competition area
The competition area in Kata rules just
same with Kumite rules which is be flat and devoid of hazard. There is
sufficient size to permit the uninterrupted performance of Kata.
Ø
The organisation
The organisation of Kata competition
takes the form of Team and Individual matches. Team matches consist of
competition between three person teams. Each Team is exclusively male, or
exclusively female. The Individual Kata match consists of individual
performance in separate male and female divisions.
Ø The assessment
In assessing the performance of a
contestant or team the Judges will evaluate the performance based on equal
weight of each of the three main criteria. The performance is evaluated from
the bow starting the kata until the bow ending the kata with the exception of
team medal matches, where the performance, as well as the time keeping starts
at the bow in the beginning of the kata and ends when the performers bow after
completing the Bunkai. All of the three major criteria are to be given equal
importance in the evaluation of the performance. Bunkai are to be given equal
importance as the kata itself. The three of important criteria in Kata and
Bunkai performance is provided conformance, technical performance and athletic
performance. The conformance in Kata is to form itself and standards of the
applicable style (ryu-ha). The technical performance is including the stances,
techniques, transitional movements, timing, correct breathing, focus (kime) and
technical difficulty. The athletic performance is needed strength, speed,
balance, and rhthm. Beside that, in Bunkai performance is using the actual
movements as performed in the kata and have medals. Then in technical
performance is include the stances, techniques, transitional movements, timing
control, focus (kime), and difficulty of techniques performed. The athletic
performance is about strength, speed, balance and timing.
Ø
Disqualification
There is also have disqualification in
karate. A competitor or a team of competitors may be disqualified for any of
the following reasons such as performing the wrong kata or announcing the wrong
kata. Then, in failing to bow at the beginning and completion of the kata
performance. A distinct pause or stop in the performance. After that, in
interference with the function of the judges (such as the judge having to move
for safety reasons or making physical contact with a judge). Then, in belt
falling off during the performance. Exceeding the total time limit of 6 minutes
duration for Kata and Bunkai. Lastly in, failure to follow the instructions of
the Chief Judge or other misconduct.
Ø Fouls
Indeed in Kata rules there is fouls
which is considered in evaluation according in karate tournament. First in the
criteria of fouls is minor loss of balance. Secondly, about performing a
movement in an incorrect or incomplete manner such as failure to fully execute
a block or punching off target. Thirdly in asynchronous movement, such as
delivering a technique before the body transition is completed, or in the case
of team kata is, failing to do a movement in unison. Then in, use of audible
cues (from any other person, including other team members) or theatrics such as
stamping the feet, slapping the chest, arms, or karate-gi, or inappropriate
exhalation, will automatically be penalized by the judges deducting the total
portion of the score for the technical performance of the kata (and thus losing
one third of the total score for the performance). Followed by belt coming
loose to the extent that it is coming off the hips during the performance.
After that, the time wasting, including prolonged marching, excessive bowing or
prolonged pause before starting the performance. Lastly the causing injury by
lack of controlled technique during Bunkai.
Ø
The operation of matches
The operation of matches karate in Kata
rules is starting when of each answer to their names, the two contestants, or
teams, one wearing a red belt (AKA), and the other wearing a blue belt (AO),
will line up at the match area perimeter facing the Chief Kata Judge
Sources
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